Bone marrow is a reservoir of many blood forming cells and stem cells including myeloid cells which can proliferate and differentiate into numbers of mature blood immune cells to help the body & provide immunity with infection against the pathogens.It can hide numbers of valuable rare cells & proteins which is very important for maintaining the biochemical process of the body. In the case of emergencies it maintains a reservoir of undifferentiated stem cells which can be differentiate to a specific types of cells need by the body and do functions as per the body requires.
Researchers have found out that some rare macrophages or “big eater” can catch stem cells and prevents its differentiation. The macrophages release lipid substances known as prostaglandins which are absorbed by Stem cells. Later on many biochemical reactions takes place which assist in this process. Also it requires many genes and signalling pathways to be function. The prostaglandins delay differentiation and so it can preserve the youthful state of stem cells.
Apart from that, these substances can work on neighbouring cells, which activates the secretion of delaying substance and increases the prostaglandins receptors on stem cells. This might help the non-dividing stem cells to survive with the chemotherapy as during treatment macrophages also live by secreting & increasing their prostaglandins, subsequently results into surviving and protecting of stem cells.
The prostaglandins treatment can further results in improving the number and quality of stem cells which results in improves migration and repopulation potential. The understanding of the mechanism related to this biochemical process in these cells could improve the success of stem cell transplantation.
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