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Involvement of immune system in HTLV-1 Diseases

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Adult T-cell leukemia, the rarest types of cancer occurring due to own T-cell of immune system. Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) remains the cause for this disease. Simultaneously, this virus is known to cause another disease, which is the HTLV-1Associated Myleopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraperesis (HAM/TSP) in patients carrying this virus. The patients carting this virus have being seen to lose T-cells specific to the virus at asymptomatic stage of the disease, which was also found in the case of patients with Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL), which becomes a soaring threat as ATL is the malignant form of the disease, unlike HAM/TSP, and proviral loads also remain high for this disease.

Recent researches explains the possible reason for the HTLV-1 to cause two different diseases, while no disease specific strains of this virus are not known to cause these diseases.
Researches revealed that the T-cell response for the virus remains the initial determinant for this disease, as it possesses anti-tumor and anti-viral properties. This property causes suppression of T-cells, with an increased proviral load. At this stage, vaccines that can enhance T-cell response towards HTLV-1 remain beneficial.
On the other side, interferons specifically interferon type-1 gets induced by the cells infected with HTLV-1, and it functions for suppressing the virus and its pathogenesis.
So, the combined and different effects of innate and acquired immunity can be the reason behind the expression of two types of malignant and inflammatory disease by HTLV-1.

 

The post Involvement of immune system in HTLV-1 Diseases appeared first on Science Blog.


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